Brazil The Millennium Development Goals - 1518 Words

On the surface, Brazil does not appear as a country ravaged by poverty however, portions of it are; and its environmental stability is an enormous factor of this. In 2000 the United Nations concocted a plan to assist countries like Brazil; thus the Millennium Development Goals emerged. In essence, the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs for short) are a set of targets set to challenge extreme poverty across the globe. As Brazil is not a ‘traditional’ country in the subject of poverty so a specific target had to be included for it to fit in with the MDGs. Target 9 includes two factors: the amount of land covered by forest and the protection of biodiversity, which pinpoint Brazil as a country in need. In Brazil, tourism and the need for lumber are dwindling both the biodiversity of the country, as well as cutting down on the area of land covered by forest. Therefore, Brazil’s ecology and demand for resources cause it to be looked at as a country in need, despite its modernization being equivalent to the rest of the world. With this being said, Brazil’s ecosystem has remained relatively unaffected by change in the last two decades. It will be challenging for Brazil to achieve the seventh Millennium Development Goal of ensuring environmental stability due its lack of a strong governmental structure, a dwindling economy, and the miniscule amount of groups assisting Brazil. The first portion of understanding why Brazil is unable to complete the MDG goal of environmental stabilityShow MoreRelatedA Short Summary : Qualitative Change1154 Words   |  5 PagesA Qualitative Change, or Old Wine in a New Bottle? South–South Development Cooperation Between Brazil and Mozambique through ProSAVANA 1. Introduction At a time when Western geopolitical supremacy is on the wane and the axis of global power tilts irreversibly away from age-old hegemons, significant changes are brewing across the international development scene (Gore 2013). This climate surfaced in the wake of the agricultural push of the 21st century in the aftermath of the world food price andRead MoreEssay on Brazil’s Developing Economy1941 Words   |  8 PagesIn the current economic times the development and growth of any economy has come to a near stop or at least to a drastic slow down. The face of the global economic environment has changed and many new countries are starting to change the way their country and the rest of the world does business. One such nation is Brazil, who has turned around their own economic troubles and is becoming one of the fastest growing economies in the world (World Factbook). Brazil has started developing its economyRead MoreCombat HIV / AIDS And Sub-Saharan Africa1363 Words   |  6 Pagesachieve, with numbers remaining fairly similar over the last couple of decades and growth as small as 2 percent in poorer regions such as sub-Saharan Africa (The Millennium, 2015). For a developed nation, the idea of giving birth to a child without a skilled physician nearby monitoring the situation, or clinician of some degree not assisting with the birthing process is unfathomable. Yet, this is a reality in many developing nations across the world, especially the rural communities such as thoseRead MoreWhat is sustainability? Essay1470 Words   |  6 Pagesto take you through the 3 topics in question separately before looking into whether or not sustainability is now even possible given the destruction we have already caused to the planet. I will also look into the millennium development goals as set out by the United Nations where in goal 7 they aimed to â€Å"ensure environmental sustainability†. Towards the end of this essay I will give critical analysis to whether or not I believe personally sustainability is achievable. What is sustainability? TheRead MorePromoting Environmental Stability For Poverty Reduction And Sustainable Development Essay1677 Words   |  7 PagesTopic 1: Promoting Environmental Stability for Poverty Reduction and sustainable Development Introduction In UNEP’s Global Trends in Renewable Energy Investment in 2016 report, they discovered that the developing world’s investment in renewable energy now accounts for more than 50% of all investments in renewable energies . 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There is not an exclusive concept accepted when it comes to the definition of CSR, (Araujo, 2006; Oliveira Claro; Pimentel Claro; Lucci, 2009). According to Passador (2002), the first CSR concept in Brazil (between businesses, society and the State) emerged with the publication of the Brazilian Social Report by the Brazilian Institute of Social AnalysisRead MoreThe Objectives Of The Millennium Development Goals1521 Words   |  7 PagesThe Millennium Development Goals are a blueprint that was agreed on by the nations of the world to meet the needs of the world’s poor and are to be achieved by 2015. They are to eliminate poverty globally in all its forms. These goals are continually checked through their indicators that determine how much progress has been made. Reports have been done to keep track of progress. The United Nations partners with many agencies, governments, donors and regional commissions in the a chievement of theRead MoreObjectives Of The Millennium Development Goals1523 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction The Millennium Development Goals are a blueprint that was agreed on by the nations of the world to meet the needs of the world’s poor and are to be achieved by 2015. They are to eliminate poverty globally in all its forms. These goals are continually checked through their indicators that determine how much progress has been made. Reports have been done to keep track of progress. The United Nations partners with many agencies, governments, donors and regional commissions in the achievementRead MoreCristiano Ronaldo Compared to the Brazilian Ronaldo1062 Words   |  4 PagesRonaldo became Save the Childrens new Global Artist Ambassador, in which he hopes to help fight child hunger and obesity. In March 2013, Ronaldo agreed to be the ambassador for The Mangrove Care Forum in Indonesia. Ronaldo became a United Nations Development Programme Goodwill Ambassador in 2000. Cristiano Ronaldo has donated â‚ ¬1.5 million to Palestinian children in Gaza, the Arabic version of the clubà ¢â‚¬â„¢s Classico network reports, he also sold most of his sports shoes at a Real Madrid Foundation auction

Behavioral Finance and Wealth Management Free Essays

Some financial advisors are needlessly struggling with behavioral finance because they lack a systematic way to apply it to their client relationships. In my 2006 book, Behavioral Finance and Wealth Management, I outline a method of applying behavioral finance to private clients in a way that I now refer to as â€Å"bottom-up. † This means that for financial advisors to diagnose and treat behavioral biases, he or she must first test for all behavioral biases in a client, and then determine which ones a client has before being able to use bias information to create a customized investment plan. We will write a custom essay sample on Behavioral Finance and Wealth Management or any similar topic only for you Order Now In my book I describe the most common behavioral biases an advisor is likely to encounter, explain how to diagnose these biases, show how to identify behavioral investor types, and finally show how to plot this information on a chart to create the client’s â€Å"best practical allocation. † But some advisors may find this bottom-up approach too time-consuming or complex. So, I created a simpler, more efficient approach to bias identification that is â€Å"top-down,† a shortcut if you will, that can make bias identification much easier. I call it Behavioral Alpha, and the core of this process is four behavioral investor types. Over the next four articles, we will learn the four behavioral investor types and how to deal with each of these types of investors. For readers to understand behavioral investor types, they need to get a fundamental understanding of the 20 behavioral biases I outline in my book. In this article, we will review these biases that are encountered with actual clients, with a description of the bias and a classification of whether the bias is cognitive or emotional. Behavioral biases fall into two broad categories, cognitive and emotional, with both varieties yielding irrational judgments. A cognitive bias can be technically defined as a basic statistical, information processing, or memory error common to all human beings. They also can be thought of as â€Å"blind spots† or distortions in the human mind. Cognitive biases do not result from emotional or intellectual predisposition toward a certain judgments, but rather from subconscious mental procedures for processing information. On the opposite side of the spectrum from illogical or distorted reasoning we have emotional biases. Although emotion is a difficult word to describe and has no single universally accepted definition, an emotion is a mental state that arises spontaneously, rather than through conscious effort. Emotions are physical expressions, often involuntary, related to feelings, perceptions or beliefs about elements, objects or relations between them, in reality or in the imagination. Emotions can be undesired to the individual feeling them; he or she might wish to control their emotions but often cannot. Investors can be presented with emotionally based investment decisions, and may make suboptimal decisions by having emotions affect these decisions. Often, because emotional biases originate from impulse or intuition rather than conscious calculations they are difficult to correct. Emotional biases include endowment, loss aversion, and self-control. We will investigate both cognitive and emotional biases in the next section. The distinction between cognitive and emotional is an important one, because advisors will want to advise their clients differently based on which types of biases are being acted out. In the next four articles, we will use the biases described here a lot, so I encourage readers to get to know the biases presented here in concept. We will apply them to client situations in subsequent articles. How to cite Behavioral Finance and Wealth Management, Essay examples

The effects of kemerut free essay sample

Item PD 1006 1. Defenition of Teachers refers to all persons engaged in teaching at the elementary and secondary levels, whether on full time or part time basis, including guidance counselor, school librarians, industrial arts or vocational teachers and all other persons performing supervisory and/or administrative functions in all schools in the aforesaid levels and legally qualified to practice teaching under this decree. RA 7836 refers to all persons engaged in teaching at the elementary and secondary levels, whether on full-time or part-time basis, including industrial arts or vocational teachers and all other persons performing supervisory and/or administrative functions in all schools in the aforesaid levels and qualified to practice teaching this act. Observation In RA 7836 guidance counselors and librarians were not mentioned. 2. Teachers Examination PD 1006 a. Scope of Examination The examination shall consist of written tests, the scope of which shall be determined by the board, taking into consideration the teaching plan of the schoos legally constituted in the Philippines. We will write a custom essay sample on The effects of kemerut or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page RA 7836 The examination for the elementary and secondary school teachers shall be separate. The examination for teachers in the elementary level shall consist of two (2) parts, namely: professional education and general education. The examination for teachers in the secondary level shall consist of three parts namely: Professional education, general education, and field of specialization. Observation In PD 1006 there was no specific assignment where a teacher could teach. They just let a teacher take the exam. While in the RA 7836 theres already a specific category where an examiner can take the exam depends on what specialization the teacher has finished. b. Qualification Requirement PD 1006 No applicant shall be admitted to take the examination unless, on the date of filing of the application, he shall have complied with the following requirements: a. Except those who have been engaged in teaching as herein defined for at least five years in schools in the Philippines not organized exclusively for nationals of a foreign country at the time of the effectivity of thios decree, the applicant must be a citizen of the Philippines; b. That he is of good moral character; c. That he is free from any physical and/or mental defect which will incapacitate him to render efficient service; and. d. That he possesses the following minimum educational qualifications. For teachers in the kindergarten and elementary grades, Bachelors degree in Elementary Education (B.S. E. Ed. ) or its equivalent; 2. For teachers of the secondary school, bachelors degree in education or its equivalent with a major and minor or a Bachelors degree in Arts or Sciences with at least eighteen units in professional education. All application shall be filed with an office or offices designated by the board, preferalby the offices of the Civil Service Commission and the Department of Education and Culture. These offices shall screen and approve such applicatios and issue the corresponding permits to take the the examination to quality applicants. RA 7836 a. A citizen of the Philippines or an alien whose country has reciprocity with the Philippines in the practice of the teaching professio; b. At least 18 years of age; c. In good health and of good reputation with high moral values; d. Has not been covicted by final judgement by a court for an offense involving multiple turpitude; e. A graduate of a school, college or university recognized by the government and possesses the minimum educational qualifications, as follows: 1. For teachers in pre-school, a bachelors degree in early childhood education (BECED) or its equivalent; 2. For teachers in the elementary grades, a bachelors degree in elementary education (BSEED) or its equivalent. 3. For teachers in the secondary grades, a bachelors degree in education or its equivalent with a major or minor or a bachelors degree in arts and science with at least 10 units in professional education; and. 4. For teachers of vocational and two-year technical courses, a bachelors degree in the field of specialization or its equivalent with at least 18 units in professional education. Observation In PD 1006 theres no age requirement unlike with RA 7836 an applicant must be 18 years of age. Becomes stricter when it comes to criminal report of an applicant There was no Early Childhood Education before c. Ratings PD 1006 In order that a candidate may be deemed to have successfully passed the examinations, he must have obtained a general average of at least 70% in all subject with no ratings below 50% in any subject Observation: There is no Ratings discussed in the RA 7836 d. Report of resultsPD 1006 The examiners shall report the ratings obtained by each candidate to the board within 150 days after the last day of the examination, unless extended by the latter. RA 7836 The board shall, within 120 days after the examination, report the ratings obtained by each candidate to the Professional Regulation Commission for approval and appropriate action. Observation In PD 1006, It is the examiner who will report their ratings to the board within 150 days. The board is the one who will report the ratings to the PRC for approval and appropriate action. 3. National Board for teachersPD 1006 1. Secretary of Education and culture 2. Chairman, Civil Service Commission 3. Commissioner, PRC 4. Two members representing the private sector to be appointed by the president Board for professional TeachersPD 1006 None RA 7836 There is hereby created under this Act a Board for professional Teachers, hereinafter called the Board, a collegial body under the general supervision and administrative control of the PRC, hereinafter referred to as the Commission, composed of 5 members who shall be appointed by the President of the Philippines from among the recommendees shall be from the list of nominees selected by the accredited association of teachers, who duly possess all the qualifications prescribed in Sec. The chairmen and the vice-chairman of the board shall be appointed from these 5 members by the president: provided, that these members of the board appointed under this act shall be automatically registered as professional teachers and issued with the certificate of registration and professional license upon paymant of the fees for examination, registration and other fees prescribed by the commission. 5. Cause of revocation of certificate or license PD 1006 None The board shall have the power, after due notice and hearing to suspend or revoke the certificate of registration of any registrant to reprimand or to cancel the temporary permit of the holder thereof who is exempt from registration for any of the ff causes: a. conviction for any criminal offense by a court of competent jurisdiction; b. Immoral, unprofessional or dishonorable conduct; c. Declartion by a court of compentent jurisdiction for being mentally unsound or insane; d. Malpractice, gross incompetence, gross neglegence or serious ignorance of the practice of the teaching profession; e. The use of or perpetration of any fraud or deceit in obtaining a certificate of registration, professional license or specially/ temporary permit f. Chronic enibriery or habitual use of drugs; g. Violation of any provisions of this act, the rules and regulations and other policies of the board and the commission, and the code of ethical and professional standards for professional teachers; and h. Unjustified or willful failure to attend seminars, workshop, conferences and the like or the continuing education program prescribed by the board and the commission. The decision of the board to revokeor suspend a certificate may be appealed to the regional trial court of the place where the board holds office within 15 days from receipt of the said decision or the denial or the motion or reconsideration filed in due time.

Spanish Translation of To Turn

Spanish Translation of To Turn The verb turn is one of those verbs that has so many meanings that when translating to Spanish you may find it useful to try translating a synonym instead. For example, turn in The car turned into the driveway and turn in The caterpillar turned into a butterfly have such vastly different meanings that it wouldnt make sense to think that a single Spanish verb could be used both times in translation. As always, the principle here is to translate the meaning rather than the word. Although there are probably dozens of ways you might translate turn depending on the context, here are some of the most common: When turn or turn around means to rotate, girar or, less commonly, rotar can often be used. Venus, el segundo planeta, gira una vez cada 243 dà ­as terrestres. Venus, the second planet, turns around once every 243 Earth days. El monstruo tenà ­a una cabeza que rotaba 360 grados. The monster had a head that turned 360 degrees.  ¡Gira la ruleta para obtener un premio! Turn the roulette wheel to win a prize! Lo que sucede es que no gira la ruedita donde va el DVD. What happens is that the platter where the DVD goes isnt turning. Girar can also be used to refer to a change in direction, such as turning to the right or left. Los coches giraron bruscamente para evitar la colisià ³n. The cars turned abruptly in order to keep from crashing. Puedes girar a la derecha para ver una puerta cerrada. You can turn to the right in order to see a closed door. El presidente de la repà ºblica gira a la izquierda. The president of the republic is turning to the left. Torcer (related to the word torque) can sometimes be used for turn when it refers to twisting. Un poco ms arriba, la calle tuerce a la derecha de nuevo en un ngulo de 90 grados hacia el norte. A little bit higher, the street turns to the right again at an angle of 90 degrees toward the north. Inserta un tornillo en cada agujero y tuà ©rcelo para que los agujeros queden alineados unos con otros. Insert a screw in each hole and turn it so that the holes stay lined up with each other. When turn refers to change in nature rather than of direction, you can often use one of the verbs of becoming. Mi hijita ha llegado a ser un adulto. My dear daughter has turned into an adult. Justo cuando la oruga pensà ³ que el mundo habà ­a llegado a su fin, se convirtià ³ en una mariposa. Just when the caterpillar thought the world had come to an end, she turned into a butterfly. Marà ­a se puso triste al escuchar la cancià ³n escrita por su madre. Maria turned sad when she heard the song written by her mother. The phrase turn around, when it means facing the opposite direction, can often be translated by darse la vuelta. El hombre se dio la vuelta y mirà ³ a las montaà ±as. The man turned around and looked at the mountains. Wall Street se da la vuelta tras un buen dato de confianza del consumidor. Wall Street is turning around after upbeat data on consumer confidence. Turn down when referring to rejection can be translated with rechazar: Sin embargo, la empleada de la agencia me rechazà ³. Nevertheless, the employee at the agency turned me down. Turn on, when it means to switch on, can be translated as encender: El gobierno encendià ³ las luces como un regalo para el pueblo del Zulia. The government turned on the lights as a gift for the people of Zulia. But note that turn on can sometimes mean to turn against, which can be translated as volver(se) en contra or poner(se) en contra: La poblacià ³n local se volvià ³ en contra los alemanes. The local population turned against the Germans. Turn off, when it means to switch off, can be expressed with apagar: Voy a apagar la luz para pensar en ti. Im going to turn off the light to think about you. Turn in, when it means to hand over, can often be expressed using entregar: Necesito una cita para entregar mis papeles. I need an appointment to turn in my papers. But if it means to go to bed, you can use ir a la cama or acostarse: Me acosto a las diez. Im turning in at 10.

What Cheating Out and Other Theater Jargon Means

What Cheating Out and Other Theater Jargon Means Drama class and theater rehearsals are some of the only places where cheating is encouraged. No, not cheating on a test. When  actors  cheat  out, they position themselves towards the audience, they share their bodies and voices so that audiences can see and hear them better. To Cheat Out means that the performer readjusts his or her body with an audience in mind. This might mean that the actors stand in a way thats not quite natural - which is why this practice cheats reality just a bit. But at least the audience will be able to see and hear the performer! Very often, when young  actors are  rehearsing on stage, they might turn their backs to the audience, or offer only a limited view. The director then might say, Cheat out, please. Ad Lib During a performance of a play, if you forget your line and cover for yourself by saying something off-the-top of your head, you are ad-libbing, creating dialogue on the spot. The abbreviated term ad lib comes from the  latin phrase:  ad libitum  which means At ones pleasure.But sometimes resorting to an ad lib is anything but pleasurable. For an actor who forgets a line during the middle of a show, an ad lib might be the only way to keep the scene going. Have you ever ad-libbed your way out of a scene? Have you ever helped a fellow actor who forgot his or her lines with an ad lib? Actors have an obligation to learn and deliver the lines of a play precisely as the playwright wrote them, but its good to practice ad-libbing during rehearsals. Off Book When actors have completely memorized their lines, they are said to be off book. In other words, they will be rehearsing with no script (book) in their hands. Most rehearsal schedules will establish a deadline for actors to be off book. And many directors will not allow any scripts in hand - no matter how poorly prepared the actors may be - after the off book deadline. Chewing the Scenery This piece of theatrical jargon is not complimentary. If an actor is chewing the scenery, it means that he or she is over-acting. Speaking too loudly and theatrically, gesticulating largely and more than necessary, mugging for the audience - all of these are examples of chewing the scenery. Unless the character you play is supposed to be a scenery-chewer, its something to avoid. Stepping on Lines Although it is not always (or usually) intended, actors are guilty of stepping on lines when they deliver a line too early and thereby skip over another actors line or they start their line before another actor has finished speaking and thus speak on top of another actors lines. Actors are not fond of the practice of stepping on lines. Breaking Curtain When audiences attend a theatrical production, they are asked to suspend their disbelief - to agree to pretend that the action onstage is real and is happening for the first time. It is the responsibility of the productions cast and crew to help the audience do this. Thus, they must refrain from doing things like peeking out at the audience before or during a performance, waving from offstage to audience members they know, or appearing in costume off the stage during intermission or after the performance ends. All of these behaviors and others are considered breaking curtain. Paper the House When theaters give away a large amount of tickets (or offer the tickets at a very low rate) in order to gain a large audience, this practice is called papering the house. One of the strategies behind papering the house is to create positive word-of-mouth about a show that might otherwise suffer from low-attendance. Papering the house is also helpful to the performers because it is more satisfying and realistic to play to a  full or almost full house than to play for a sparsely populated set of seats. Sometimes papering the house is a rewarding way for theaters to offer seats to groups that might not otherwise be able to afford them.

Global Warming Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

Global Warming - Term Paper Example The term Global Warming refers to the continuous increase in earth’s average temperature since 1950’s due to human activity and environmental deterioration by various harmful chemicals which are being added to the environment, mainly due to the burning of the fossil fuels. Another term that needs to be defined along with Global Warming is the Green House Effect, which refers to the trapping of heat by the gases such as carbon dioxide, hydrocarbons, water vapors and fuel particles etc. Green House Effect was first considered into study by S. Arrhenius during the last decade of the 19th century when the scientists first observed the changing global climatic conditions. Energy comes from the sun in the form of visible and invisible light rays; the desirable rays reach the surface of the Earth after getting filtered by the ozone layer. These rays are absorbed and reflected by the dark and light surfaces on earth. The reflected rays go back to the space whereas the absorbed rays heat up the substance by which they are absorbed and are thus converted into heat energy. This heat energy is radiated into the atmosphere and various gases in the atmosphere which include CO2, hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides absorb a considerable amount of this energy before it returns to the space. These gases act as the screen of a Greenhouse which permits the energy to enter but does not allow it to return, thus the natural phenomena explained in the lines above is known as Green House Effect and the gases responsible for this effect are known as the Green House Gases (GHG’s). The Green House Effect is in fact a natural phenomenon because the Green House Gases are naturally present in the atmosphere. The presence of these gases is essential for the sustaining life on Earth because these gases keep sufficient amount of energy in the atmosphere which is needed for the presence of life on the Earth. The absence of these gases will result in a climate like the one on Ma rs (where there are no Green House Gases), on the other hand the presence of these gases in quantities greater than the required amount will result in temperatures so high as observed on Venus (where the concentration of GHG’s is much higher and the temperature is nearly 1000 degrees). Thus for the Earth temperatures to remain in the permissible limits the amount of these gases also need to be limited within a specified range, below which temperatures will become very low and above this range temperatures will become unbearably high. The GHG’s naturally exist in the environment however due to the recent advances in the technology, humans are emitting more and more GHG’s into the atmosphere and thus the concentration of these gases is being increased in the atmosphere resulting in an artificial Green House Effect (Houghton, 2004). The subject of this paper is to find out whether Global Warming is caused by the human activities? And what can humans do to stop Glob al Warming from taking place? There exists a consensus among the scientists over the fact that the temperature of the Earth has been rising over the past 150 years, however there was a difference of opinion among scientists about the correct cause of this change in temperature trend (Faust, 2008).

Creativity in the class Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Creativity in the class - Essay Example Even before the students could fully settle down, the lecturer had already started speaking through the microphone. On the other hand, the students only concentrated on the lecturer after a warning that what he was speaking about could be part of an exam question (Boyer 82). Essentially, Boyer’s article talks about the inefficiencies in the education system especially at the University and College level. I totally agree with what he has pointed out in the article. As a matter of fact, it is the attitude of most of the professors towards their work that has contributed greatly to lowering student’s interests in learning activities. To begin with, it is unfortunate that a good number of the university professors are not passionate about their work. They are only doing it for the sake of occupation and to earn a living. For example, Boyer notes a statement whereby a faculty member says that attaining a class attendance of .666 is a great success. Another member complained that students can hardly concentrate for a long span unless one sings or dances for them. This member clearly shows her disinterest in helping students. She arrogantly concludes that â€Å"she won’t do that† (Boyer 83). ... Nowadays, it is not a shock for a lecturer to enter a lecture room, open a textbook, read out what is in that textbook to the students, and finally walk out when the time elapses. As a student, one is left wondering if that is what learning actually involves. Another reason that has contributed to education inefficiency at the university level is lack of commitment from lecturers in engaging the students in active discussions. For example, Boyer notes a discouraging comment from one professor who said that he liked the passivity of the students. The professor asserted that, â€Å"with these students, not everything has to be proven†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ (Boyer 83)† This attitude ends up discouraging even the curious students. As already hinted above, it is unfortunate that some professors look forward to the end of the lessons rather than engaging students in active discussions. As soon as the lecture ends, it is almost impossible to track down the whereabouts of these professors as t hey do not have time for discussing with their students. As the end of it all is that the students end up losing interest in that subject. Also, it is unfortunate that the system of education puts much emphasis on grades rather than the knowledge acquired by the students. Whereas the lecturers may be quick to blame the students for their interest in only passing exams, the fact is that it is only those students who score good grades that end up being rewarded. In addition, the period for learning is normally little to allow a student to carry out extensive research. Most student who decide to read extensively end up performing poorly in the exams. This is because passing exams requires a strategy that Boyers refers to as â€Å"beating the system†. All students desire to pass